SOBANUKIRWA AMWE MUMOKO YIBISENGE AKUNZE KUBONEKA MU RWANDA

Iyo urebye hirya no hino kumazu agenda yubakwa usanga agiye afite igisenge gitandukanye, burya hari bigenderwaho mukumenya ubwoko bwigisenge ushyira kunzu yawe; burya igisenge duhereye kukamaro kacyo ko gupfundikira inzu kiri nomubitanga ishuhso rusange yinyubako ndetse  kikanatuma munzu hadashyuha cyane cyangwa ngo hakonje cyane  

tugiye kurebera hamwe amako yibisenge nyuma turaza gusobanukirwa impamvu akenshi dukunda kubona ubwoko bumwe bwigisenge kumazu yo kubamo hanza aha, burya inzu singombwa ngo igire igisenge ubwoko bumwe kunzuyose buri gace kinzu bitewe na plan yayo gashobora kugira iigisenge ukwacyo, ubwoko bwigisenge buterwa nishusho (forme) gifite cg uko cyubatse.

• Gable Roof (mitwe ibiri)

Ikigisenge nicyo kimenyerewe cyane kurusha ibindi kiba  arianacyo kimaze igihe gioreshwa hano mu Rwanda bitewe nuko cyoroshye kubaka kikaba cyanakoreshwaho ubwoko buboneka bwisakazwa (amabati na mategura) ikindi kiza kikigisenge nuko imireko yose iri hanze yinzu bityo ikagabanya amahirwe yo kuva dore ko akenshi kiba kinafite infuruka nini ndetse kigahenduka kuko kiba cyakorwa mubiti cg mumbaho gusa kigira naho kigira imbaraga nyeya, iki gisenge kigiye kunzu igeretse cg ndende ahantu haba imiyaga bisaba kukizirika cyane kugirango kitazaguruka kubera umuyaga, ikigisenge kikaba kitanasaneza kubera ukuntu cyorohejwe muriyiminsi gisigaye kiboneka mubyaro aho iterambere mumyubakire ritaragera.

iki gisenge kigira amako nakwita 2 aho hari simple gable ariyo twarebaga haruguru ariko hakaba na crossed gable aho simple gable ebyiri bazifatanya zikoze imfuruka igororotse, crossed gable ikaba yo irusha simple gable kugaragara neza nubwo nayo isaba ubuhanga bwucyubaka cyane kugirango kitava.

Iyi niyo crossed gable

• Skillion Roof (gitwe kimwe)

Iki gisenge nacyo kirasanzwe hano mu Rwanda kikaba gifatwa nka half ya gable roof kuko kijya kumazu matoya aha ninko kurituriya tuza tubarizwa hanze (ancillary building) aritwo wenda akazu kumuzamu toilet yo hanze cg igikoni cyo hanze.

• Hip Roof 

Iki gisenge impande 4 zacyo zose ziba zifite slope zikazamuka zigahurira kumugongo (ridge) umwe hejuru kandi ninkuta zinzu yose zikaba ziresha, iki gisenge kirakomeye kurusha gable roof ariko gifata ishusho bitewe na plan yinzu, uburebure bwigisenge ndetse nindeshyo yumugongo wacyo ubu bwoko nibwo bweze kuma cadastre hirya no hino mugihugu.

ububwoko  bisaba kwirinda ko haricyazibya inzira zamazi yimvura kuko byatuma iva aha bisaba kubyitaho hakiri kare kugirango bitazabyara ikibazo gikomeye

Jerkinhead Roof

Nkuko bigaragara kwifoto ububwoko bwa roof ni mvange ya gable roof na hip roof kuko ubusanzwe kuri gable roof zimwe munkuta iyo zigeze aho igisenge kigarukira zizamuka zipinyoye (kwakundi ruzamuka rufata forme ya triangle aho gukomeza kuzamuka nkuko rwavuye hasi) ariko kubu bwoko triangle sigerwaho ahubwo biba trapeze kuko iyo pinyo igeze hagati bahita batangira igisenge nkijya hip roof, ububwoko bwigisenge bukoreshwa igihe hacyenewe umwanya wokubamo hejuru nkuko kwifoto bigaragara ko ruriya rukuta bazamuye harimo icyumba cyo kubamo, aha iyo babioze kunzu idafite ahokoreshwa hejuru ubona bisanabi rwose haraho bikunze kugaragara cyane cyane kumazu yubakwa bahindagura plan, aho udacyeneye space hejuru roof urakomeza ukayimanura, iyi roof nayo amabati cg amategura ntakibazo.


 
• Pyramid Roof

Iki gisenge kijya kumera nka hip roof ariko cyo aho bitandukaniye nuko kigira agasongero kamwe kuva mumpande 4 zinzu aho kugira ridge (umutambiko) hejuru nka hip roof naho ibindi bijya kumera kimwe gusa ha twavugako aribyo bikunda gukoreshwa kunzu zifite impande zirenze inye cg zifite ishusho yuruziga (aha natanga urugero nko kuri za bingalo) iki gisenge kandi gihangana bikomeye numuyaga kuko kiba kibumbiye hamwe ndetse kikaba cyajyaho amabati cg amategura sikinaunda gutera ibibazo byo kuva.

• Saltbox Roof

Iki gisenge kijya kumera nka gable roof (mitwibiri) ariko cyo gikoreshwa igihe kiri kunzu itari en etage kuyohasi yose (mbese inzu ikaba igeretse igipande kimwe kinzu yo hasi not inzu yose) bigahita binatuma ari mpamvu urukuta rwimbere rutareshya nurwinyuma nkuko bimera kuri gable roof iri kunzu itageretse cg igeretse yose saltbox roof iza kunzu igeretse igice, ububwoko sibumenyerewe inaha mu Rwanda kuberako tutaragira umuco ngo tunatinyuke kubaka tujya hejuru kubera tutarakanguka ngo turebe tuboneko ikibazo cyubutaka bwacu ari butoya butoya.

• Butterfly Roof 

Ikigisenge gifite forme ya V kuko ninaho izina ryacyo ryavuye koko kimeze nkamababa yikinyugunyugu (butterfly) kikaba cyakoreshwa ahantu hacyenewe igisenge kigufi kdi ariharehare kuburyo skillion roof (gitwe kimwe) itaba ihabereye gusa nanone iyi butterfly igira urubaraza rwiza kumande zose gusa nanone kuberako igira umureko hagati munzu umwe ugomba kwitonderwa haba muri design cg mukubaka kuko kuva kwikigisenge byateza ikibazo gikomeye munzu hagati, imaze kugaragarara kenshi hano mu Rwanda aho abantu batangiye kujya bashaka innovation muri design badakopeye izabaturanyi ndetse burya cyane cyane kuma station ya mazutu niz bakoresha nuko ziba zihishe hirindwa ko umuyaga wagitwara kubera amababa yacyo biroroshye kuba cyaguruka, ariko igihe kiri gihishe (hidden roof) cg arhantu hataba umuyaga kiba gisaneza ndetse kikanatuma munzu hinjira urumuri ruhagije.

• Sawtooth Roof

Iki gisenge irizina ryacyo riva ukuntu iyo urebera muruhande ububona kimeze namenyo yurukezo (saw), kiremye nka skillion roof (gitwe kimwe) ariko kigizwe nuduce twinshi bikaba bikrwa mukurema umwihariko winyubako aho inzu utayisakaza igisenge kimwe ahubwo ugenda uterateranya byinshi iyo rero ari skillion roof washyishe kunzimwe roof zirenze imwe kdi zireba mucyerekezo kimwe icyo gihe byitwa sawtooth roof, nuko bigaragara bisaba kwitondera iyubakwa ryiki gisenge kuko kigira imireko irenze umwe munzuhagati bityo hakaba hirindwa ko cyava ariko nacyo nikiza mukubyaza umusaruro umubyimba wose winzu.

• Flat Roof

Ubu bwoko bwigisenge rero nigihe imfuruka yigisenge aba ari noya cyane imena amazi kuburyo bugoranye cyane, sikunzwe guoreshwa cyane kumazu ya single familly building  (inzu iturwamo numuryango umwe) gusa ahantu hadakunze kuboneka amasambu nko kuma townhouse flat roof yifashishwa muyindi mirimo harinaho baterayo indabo bakanikaho imyenda bakahinyagamburira mbese naho kumazu yubucuruzi ikoreshwa muhuterekayo ama air condition cg solar panel amazu yaba maremare baanaterekayo ama antene ahandi ikunda kuboneka ni kumisigiti imwe nimwe uzitegereze uzahabona ubu bwoko 

• Dome Roof 

dome roof nigisenge gifite forme ya sphere nkuko ifoto ibyerekana ikaba inakunzwe cyane nidini rya islam kuko imisigiti ikomeye kwisi usanga ioresha ibibisenge ndetse nokuma greenhouse manini nahano iwacu mu Rwanda tubaka tuyifite kuri convention center, izi roof akenshi zubakwa muri beto (concret) cg se mubirahure na structure yibyuma, gusa kumazu yo kubamo asanzwe tubona hafaha ntago ikunzwe gukoreshwa cyane cyereka mubihugu byateye imbere muma mension niho zijya ziboneka kumazu yabakire.

• Curved Roof

Iki gisenge dukunze kukibona kuma kioske kumuhanda ndetse naho abagenzi bategerereza imodoka i kigali, kijya kumera nka skillion ariko abari curved bino bituma hakoreshwa cyane amabati kuko bayagonda byoroshye  ariko nokuma greenhouse (zanzu bahingamo) njyambona bakoreshamo amashashi akomeye yabugenewe.

• Combined Roof 

iyi combined roof nigihe bavanga ubwoko burenze bumwe bwigisenge mubwo twavuze haruguru ikinigihe plan yinzu iba itoroshye yakozwe kubushacye bwanyirinzu akenshi izi nzu zigaragara neza kubera umwihariko wazo wigisenge, nkiyinzu igaragara kwiphoto haraho igeretse hari naho itageretse inkuta zayo sizireshya zigiye zireshya bitewe  nubwoko bwagasenge kari hejuru yazo








Habaho amoko menshi yigisenge ariko amenshi akomoka kuraya twavuze yemwe bikaba bitanabuza umuhanga muguhanga amzu kuba yatekereza urundi ruvangitiranye rwibitekerezo mugukora igisenge kiza kibereye ijisho ndetse na plan yinzu itari rectangular nkuko kenshi bigenda ahubwo byagatewe nimiterere yi kibanza cyubakwaho
Impamvu rero uzabona akenshi ibisenge byamazu yo kubamo bisa nuko na plan nyinshi zamazu ziba zisa bityo bose bakisanga ibisenge bisa cyagwa ari form imwe ariyo hip roof nanone uko tutaramenyara kubyaza umusaruro umubyimba (volume) winzu yose niyompamvu tureka hejuru sihakoreshwe nyamara inzu ifite igisenge cya metero 7 kitabyazwa umusaruro tuzabirebaho ubutaha byimbitse.